ABSTRACT
Functional tests have been performed to predict cognitive decline in postmenopausal women and may be an important tool to identify early reductions in cognitive performance in this population. However, it is still unclear which functional test is more sensitive for detecting cognitive decline in the investigated sample. The aim of this study was to verify the association between functional per-formance and cognitive function in postmenopausal women and to analyze whether the gait speed of 400 meters (400wt) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests are predictors of cognitive function in this sample. One hundred and twenty-eight postmenopausal women (60.8 ± 7.9 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Body composition was assessed using Dual Energy X-ray Absorpti-ometry (DXA), functional performance by the TUG and 400wt tests, cognitive performance by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and muscle strength by maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in lower limbs. An association between functional performance and cognitive function was observed in middle-aged postmenopausal women. The TUG test was associated with the MoCA test (B = -0.79; SE = 0.29; p = 0.008). However, no association was observed between 400wt with the MoCA test (B = 3.03; SE = 1.92; p = 0.117). These results show that the TUG test is a good predictor of cognitive decline in postmenopausal middle-aged women
Testes funcionais têm sido realizados para predizer declínio cognitivo em mulheres na pós-menopausa e podem ser uma ferramenta importante para identificar reduções precoces no desempenho cognitivo nessa população. No entanto, ainda não está claro qual teste funcional é mais sensível para detectar precocemente o declínio cognitivo na amostra investigada. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se há associação entre desempenho funcional e função cognitiva em mulheres na pós-menopausa e analisar se os testes de velocidade de marcha de 400 metros ( Vm400) e Timed Up and Go (TUG) são preditores da função cognitiva nesta amostra. Cento e vinte oito mulheres na pós-menopausa (60,8 ± 7,9 anos) participaram deste estudo de carácter transversal. A composição corporal foi avaliada pela Absorciometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia (DXA), desempenho funcional pelos testes Vm400 e TUG, desempenho cognitivo pelo teste Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) e força muscular pela contração isométrica voluntaria máxima (CIVM) dos membros inferiores. Uma associação entre desempenho funcional e função cognitiva foi observada na amostra investigada. O teste TUG foi associado ao teste MoCA (B = -0,79; SE = 0,29; p = 0,008). No entanto, não foi observada associação entre Vm400 com o teste MoCA (B = 3,03; SE = 1,92; p = 0,117). Esses resultados mostram que o teste TUG é um bom preditor de declínio cognitivo em mulheres na pós-menopausa na meia idade
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cognitive Dysfunction , Physical Functional PerformanceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of both swimming and resistance training on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 expression, adipocyte area and lipid profiles in rats fed a high-fat diet. METHODS: The study was conducted over an eight-week period on Wistar adult rats, who were divided into six groups as follows (n = 10 per group): sedentary chow diet, sedentary high-fat diet, swimming plus chow diet, swimming plus high-fat diet, resistance training plus chow diet, and resistance training plus high-fat diet. Rats in the resistance training groups climbed a vertical ladder with weights on their tails once every three days. The swimming groups swam for 60 minutes/day, five days/week. RESULTS: The high-fat diet groups had higher body weights, a greater amount of adipose tissue, and higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in the visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, the high-fat diet promoted a negative change in the lipid profile. In the resistance training high-fat group, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was lower than that in the swimming high-fat and sedentary high-fat groups. Moreover, smaller visceral and retroperitoneal adipocyte areas were found in the resistance training high-fat group than in the sedentary high-fat group. In the swimming high-fat group, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was lower and the epididymal and retroperitoneal adipocyte areas were smaller compared with the sedentary high-fat group. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both exercise modalities improved the lipid profile, adiposity and obesity-associated inflammation in rats, suggesting their use as an alternative to control the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet in humans.